North America: a triangle-like shape


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North America, together with Central America, has a shape similar to a triangle, with the Canadian shield which constitutes the oldest geological nucleus, consisting of archaeozoic rocks.


Geography North America

The grandiose cordillera complex is made up of two chains parallel to the coast of the Pacific Ocean that surround large and high plateaus, including those of Columbia-Snake, the Great Basin and Colorado.

To the east the plateaus are delimited by the Rocky Mountains beyond which the central basseterre extend.


The morphology of North America becomes simpler in Mexico, consisting of a plateau bordered by two mountain ranges, the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Orientale.

Central America, with the exception of the Yucatan limestone plateau, is crossed by mountainous reliefs, often volcanic in nature, which constitute the southern reaches of Mexico's volcanic systems.

Island Central America is made up of islands located partly on the North American continental shelf and partly on the South American platform.


The climate of North America is influenced, in addition to the latitude, by the arrangement of the mountain ranges, by the distance from the coasts and by the atmospheric circulation which determines frequent meteorological changes often accompanied by cyclones of considerable intensity.

The mountain ranges arranged parallel to the coasts hinder the mitigating influences from the ocean that do not reach the internal regions, whose climate is mainly continental with very large temperature ranges.

The coastal regions located in the middle latitudes enjoy a mild climate, while those of the Gulf of Mexico are subject to a tropical climate.

The most extreme northern areas are characterized by a polar climate.

In the islands of Central America the climate is tropical while in the isthmic region there is a clear division into three bands caused by the different altitudes, tierras calientes, up to 600 m., Tierras templadas, for altitudes between 600 and 1800 m. , and tierras trias over 1800 m.

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