Definition of optical aberration, what it consists of and differences between the two basic types, chromatic and geometric, with the defects found in the image after passing through any optical system.
Meaning of optical aberration
It is a phenomenon whereby the image, formed by an optical system consisting of lenses, appears to have more or less detectable defects.
Practically the image does not perfectly coincide with the observed object, because the trajectory of the light rays coming from it is disturbed during the passage through the lenses of the optical system, which cause effects of refraction and reflection of light.
There are two basic types of optical aberration, one is called chromatic, which affects the colors of the image, the other is called geometric, as it involves a certain degree of deformation of the reproduced image.
Chromatic aberration
When they pass through a lens, the different colors that make up white light are refracted from different angles.
The result obtained is that of an image surrounded by a colored halo, both when the light is focused at different points for each color, and when the rays of the different colors form images focused at the same point but with different dimensions.
Chromatic aberration can be eliminated with a pair of lenses that disperse the light in order to compensate each other.
Geometric aberration
It is used to describe the geometric shape of the image of an object, after the light has passed through an optical system, which turns out to be not perfectly equal to that of the original object.
